HomeGamma Zeros

Reference value activity factors ( $γ_{i}^{0}$ ) for each element in an infinite solution of Fe at a reference temperature of 1873K.

The program will scale these factors to the required temperature before using them.

All elements in this list are supported by this program and can have their activity calculated.

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference
Ag	5.7645639469161	318.8	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016
Al	-3.0159349808715	0.049	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279
As	-2.6172958378337	0.073	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016
B	-3.8167128256238	0.022	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279
Bi	9.3751766144291	11792	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016
C	-0.61989671882035	0.538	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279
Ca	7.7275351104754	2270	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279
Cd	4.8828019225864	132	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016
Ce	-1.1332037334377	0.322	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279
Co	-0.59783700075562	0.55	Tuff, J, Wood, BJ, Wade, J,"The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and implications for the conditions of core formation", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA, 2011, 10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.027, Table 5
Cr	0	1	Tuff, J, Wood, BJ, Wade, J,"The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and implications for the conditions of core formation", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA, 2011, 10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.027, Table 5
Cu	2.1494339134999	8.58	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279
Ga	-0.51082562376599	0.6	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016
Ge	-3.9120230054281	0.02	Nunoue, S.-Y. and E. Kato (1988). "Mass spectrometric study of the activities of the Fe-Ge system at 1550C." Metallurgical Transactions B 19(3): 511-513.
H	0	1	Gamma zero estimates for unknown elements by J. Wade and B.Wood
Hf	0	1	Gamma zero estimates for unknown elements by J. Wade and B.Wood
In	3.310543013394	27.4	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016
La	2.2300144001592	9.3	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279
Mn	0.36464311358791	1.44	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279
Mo	0	1	Tuff, J, Wood, BJ, Wade, J,"The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and implications for the conditions of core formation", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA, 2011, 10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.027, Table 5
N	0	1	Gamma zero estimates for unknown elements by J. Wade and B.Wood
Nb	-1.6094379124341	0.2	Tuff, J, Wood, BJ, Wade, J,"The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and implications for the conditions of core formation", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA, 2011, 10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.027, Table 5
Ni	-0.41551544396167	0.66	Tuff, J, Wood, BJ, Wade, J,"The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and implications for the conditions of core formation", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA, 2011, 10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.027, Table 5
O	0	1	Gamma zero estimates for unknown elements by J. Wade and B.Wood
P	0	1	Gamma zero estimates for unknown elements by J. Wade and B.Wood
Pb	7.0094089327086	1107	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016
Re	0	1	Gamma zero estimates for unknown elements by J. Wade and B.Wood
S	0	1	Gamma zero estimates for unknown elements by J. Wade and B.Wood
Sb	-0.89159811928378	0.41	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016
Si	-5.4036778822059	0.0045	Tuff, J, Wood, BJ, Wade, J,"The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and implications for the conditions of core formation", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA, 2011, 10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.027, Table 5
Sn	0.94778939893353	2.58	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279
Ta	-3.2188758248682	0.04	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279
Ti	-5.5214609178622	0.004	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279
Tl	10.145766842159	25483	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016
U	-3.6119184129778	0.027	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279
V	-2.5257286443083	0.08	Tuff, J, Wood, BJ, Wade, J,"The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and implications for the conditions of core formation", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA, 2011, 10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.027, Table 5
W	1.0986122886681	3	Tuff, J, Wood, BJ, Wade, J,"The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and implications for the conditions of core formation", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA, 2011, 10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.027, Table 5
Zn	0.8372475245337	2.31	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016
Zr	-3.2968373663379	0.037	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279

Raw Data By Element

This website uses a cascading scheme to ensure the latest and most valid data are used, while maintaining an audit trail of revisions. Listed below are the revisions made to each data with references. In all cases the last value listed is the number used in the table above.

Ag (Silver)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Ag	5.298317366548	200	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv
Ag	5.7645639469161	318.8	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016	gammas_07_norris_computations.csv

Al (Aluminum)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Al	-3.0159349808715	0.049	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv

As (Arsenic)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
As	-4.7183388840937	0.0089	Voisin, L., H. M. Henao, et al. (2005). "Phase Relations, Activities and Minor Elements Distribution in Fe–Pb–As and Fe–Pb–Sb Systems Saturated with Carbon at 1473 K." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 46(12): 3030-3036.	gammas_05_voisen_et_al.csv
As	-2.6172958378337	0.073	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016	gammas_07_norris_computations.csv

B (Boron)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
B	-3.8167128256238	0.022	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv

Bi (Bismuth)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Bi	9.3751766144291	11792	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016	gammas_07_norris_computations.csv

C (Carbon)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
C	-0.61989671882035	0.538	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv

Ca (Calcium)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Ca	7.7275351104754	2270	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv

Cd (Cadmium)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Cd	4.8828019225864	132	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016	gammas_07_norris_computations.csv

Ce (Cerium)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Ce	-1.1332037334377	0.322	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv

Co (Cobalt)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Co	-0.59783700075562	0.55	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv
Co	-0.59783700075562	0.55	Tuff, J, Wood, BJ, Wade, J,"The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and implications for the conditions of core formation", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA, 2011, 10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.027, Table 5	gammas_04_tuff_et_al.csv

Cr (Chromium)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Cr	0	1	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv
Cr	0	1	Tuff, J, Wood, BJ, Wade, J,"The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and implications for the conditions of core formation", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA, 2011, 10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.027, Table 5	gammas_04_tuff_et_al.csv

Cu (Copper)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Cu	2.1494339134999	8.58	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv

Ga (Gallium)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Ga	0	1	Gamma zero estimates for unknown elements by J. Wade and B.Wood	gammas_02_estimates.csv
Ga	-0.51082562376599	0.6	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016	gammas_07_norris_computations.csv

Ge (Germanium)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Ge	0	1	Gamma zero estimates for unknown elements by J. Wade and B.Wood	gammas_02_estimates.csv
Ge	-3.9120230054281	0.02	Nunoue, S.-Y. and E. Kato (1988). "Mass spectrometric study of the activities of the Fe-Ge system at 1550C." Metallurgical Transactions B 19(3): 511-513.	gammas_06_nunoue_kato_1988.csv

H (Hydrogen)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
H	0	1	Gamma zero estimates for unknown elements by J. Wade and B.Wood	gammas_02_estimates.csv

Hf (Hafnium)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Hf	0	1	Gamma zero estimates for unknown elements by J. Wade and B.Wood	gammas_02_estimates.csv

In (Indium)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
In	3.310543013394	27.4	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016	gammas_07_norris_computations.csv

La (Lanthanum)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
La	2.2300144001592	9.3	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv

Mn (Manganese)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Mn	0.36464311358791	1.44	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv

Mo (Molybdenum)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Mo	0	1	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv
Mo	0	1	Tuff, J, Wood, BJ, Wade, J,"The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and implications for the conditions of core formation", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA, 2011, 10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.027, Table 5	gammas_04_tuff_et_al.csv

N (Nitrogen)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
N	0	1	Gamma zero estimates for unknown elements by J. Wade and B.Wood	gammas_02_estimates.csv

Nb (Niobium)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Nb	-1.6094379124341	0.2	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv
Nb	-1.6094379124341	0.2	Tuff, J, Wood, BJ, Wade, J,"The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and implications for the conditions of core formation", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA, 2011, 10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.027, Table 5	gammas_04_tuff_et_al.csv

Ni (Nickel)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Ni	-0.41551544396167	0.66	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv
Ni	-0.41551544396167	0.66	Tuff, J, Wood, BJ, Wade, J,"The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and implications for the conditions of core formation", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA, 2011, 10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.027, Table 5	gammas_04_tuff_et_al.csv

O (Oxygen)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
O	0	1	Gamma zero estimates for unknown elements by J. Wade and B.Wood	gammas_02_estimates.csv

P (Phosphorus)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
P	0	1	Gamma zero estimates for unknown elements by J. Wade and B.Wood	gammas_02_estimates.csv

Pb (Lead)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Pb	6.7298240704895	837	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv
Pb	7.0094089327086	1107	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016	gammas_07_norris_computations.csv

Re (Rhenium)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Re	0	1	Gamma zero estimates for unknown elements by J. Wade and B.Wood	gammas_02_estimates.csv

S (Sulfur)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
S	0	1	Gamma zero estimates for unknown elements by J. Wade and B.Wood	gammas_02_estimates.csv

Sb (Antimony)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Sb	-1.0996127890017	0.333	Voisin, L., H. M. Henao, et al. (2005). "Phase Relations, Activities and Minor Elements Distribution in Fe–Pb–As and Fe–Pb–Sb Systems Saturated with Carbon at 1473 K." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 46(12): 3030-3036.	gammas_05_voisen_et_al.csv
Sb	-0.89159811928378	0.41	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016	gammas_07_norris_computations.csv

Si (Silicon)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Si	-6.6453910145146	0.0013	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv
Si	-5.4036778822059	0.0045	Bouchard and Bale, "Simultaneous optimization of thermochemical data for liquid iron alloys containing C, N, Ti, Si, Mn, S, and P", p479, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, DOI:10.1007/BF02653863, 1995	gammas_03_si_revision_bouchard_and_bale.csv
Si	-5.4036778822059	0.0045	Tuff, J, Wood, BJ, Wade, J,"The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and implications for the conditions of core formation", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA, 2011, 10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.027, Table 5	gammas_04_tuff_et_al.csv

Sn (Tin)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Sn	0.94778939893353	2.58	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv

Ta (Tantalum)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Ta	-3.2188758248682	0.04	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv

Ti (Titanium)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Ti	-5.5214609178622	0.004	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv

Tl (Thallium)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Tl	10.145766842159	25483	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016	gammas_07_norris_computations.csv

U (Uranium)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
U	-3.6119184129778	0.027	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv

V (Vanadium)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
V	-2.5257286443083	0.08	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv
V	-2.5257286443083	0.08	Tuff, J, Wood, BJ, Wade, J,"The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and implications for the conditions of core formation", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA, 2011, 10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.027, Table 5	gammas_04_tuff_et_al.csv

W (Tungsten)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
W	0	1	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv
W	1.0986122886681	3	Tuff, J, Wood, BJ, Wade, J,"The effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and implications for the conditions of core formation", GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA, 2011, 10.1016/j.gca.2010.10.027, Table 5	gammas_04_tuff_et_al.csv

Zn (Zinc)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Zn	0.8372475245337	2.31	Gamma zeros computed from binary alloy phase diagrams, DPhil thesis "Volatilities of Trace Elements in Silicate Melts" A. Norris, 2016	gammas_07_norris_computations.csv

Zr (Zirconium)

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Element	$ln γ_{i}^{0}$	$γ_{i}^{0}$	Reference	Source
Zr	-3.2968373663379	0.037	Gordon and Breach, Steelmaking Data Sourcebook, 1984, Table 1, p278-279	gammas_01_gordon_breach_table1.csv